At the end of World War II in 1945, the world breathed a sigh of relief. However, the face of Europe had changed dramatically and a new global political divide had been formed between the Communist East and Democratic West. The West formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) in 1949, and in response the Warsaw Pact was formed by the Soviet Union and its allies, including East 1 Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Poland in 1955.
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